Africans worry that global efforts to combat climate change will come at the cost of their own economic development .A gap between symbol and substance is common when it comes to Africa and climate change. Foreign politicians often nod to how the continent that has contributed least to warming the planet will be hurt the most. Mr Ruto, Kenya’s president, sees climate diplomacy as a way of burnishing his reputation in the West. But during the summit the first dedicated to Africa’s response to the warming planet the motorcades of visiting presidents had a more familiar look. Africa is responsible for less than 4% of historic carbon-dioxide emissions, but has 16 of the 20 countries most vulnerable to climate change. Is the actions against climate change bearing fruits ?