Vietnam’s commercial capital is its most populous city; yet prior to the 1960s, high-rise buildings were rare in Saigon, as it was known until 1975. Vietnamese modernism, an architectural movement that evolved during Vietnam’s struggle for independence from France (it was eventually won in 1954). Modernism was spreading around the world at the time, and would become the most important design movement of the 20th century. Adherents to the style in Vietnam incorporated their country’s traditional design into the modernist gospel, which eschewed ornament and prioritised function over form. Is Vietnamese modernism ahead of time ?