At the time of the Vietnam War the country was made of a Buddhist majority and a Catholic minority, Vietnam has an interesting religious mix, while today the country is mostly atheist.Anti-Catholic laws had been passed in the region since the 19th century and Catholics faced heavy persecution and violence. This played a large role in increased French military activities in the region that eventually led to the full colonisation of Lower Cochinchina, or South Vietnam. Religious massacres continued throughout the French colonial period, both targeting Christians as a form of rebellion to French rule, and against Buddhists in retaliation to earlier attacks. Did religion play a role in the Vietnam War?