It is believed that Every 100 years, the mining and construction industries move enough rock around the planet to create a new mountain range. The majority of the world’s iron ore formed nearly two billion years ago. The sand, gravel, and quartz in concrete are among the most resilient substances on Earth. These hard-wearing materials once existed in natural deposits. But where before it was only water, gravity, or tectonic activity that moved them, now it’s a combination of human initiative and hydrocarbon fuels. We live in the greatest age of city-building the world has ever seen. Three hundred years ago, there was only one city with a population of one million. Do you believe in city fossilization

