The vaccine then targets the immune cells present in the skin and generates an antigen-specific antibody response. The patches are typically formed of tiny 3D-printed microneedles arranged on a polymer patch, and are applied directly to the skin. The microneedle prototype is a collection of dozens of tiny needles that are lined up on a small patch. The needles are so tiny that each one is measured in micrometres and is as thin as a human hair.Do you think the 3D patch provide greater protection ?

