Breast cancer cells have receptors, which hormones attach to and which allow the tumour to grow. Cancer involving the hormone oestrogen is called oestrogen-receptor positive, or ER positive breast cancer. For patients who are diagnosed with incurable cancer, hormone treatment can help, but often patients become resistant to it. Millions could benefit after research into a new treatment for women with incurable breast cancer yielded “astonishing results”. What really causes cancer?

