Virtual idols are generated by computers. Often, though, these digital avatars are controlled by anonymous human performers wearing motion-capture gear. The most popular virtual idols sing and dance before millions of viewers on live-streaming platforms. Fans tip real money and buy merchandise. Some virtual idols are influencers or used in marketing campaigns. It makes for big business. China’s virtual-idol market was estimated to be worth nearly $16bn in 2021, says iiMedia, a consultancy. Is this a celebrity replacement ?

