China, in turn, has spent decades stealing vast quantities of intellectual property from American firms. In recent years this dynamic has changed. Chinese cyber-espionage has continued, but its operations have also grown more ambitious and aggressive. Russia, too, has intensified its cyber-activities in Ukraine, with Russia-linked groups also targeting water facilities in Europe. These campaigns hint at a new era of wartime cyber-sabotage. The intrusions had no obvious utility for espionage. Is America dominance declining ?

