Russian fortifications in southern and eastern Ukraine were the most extensive defensive works in Europe since the second world war.They are probably rivalled only by the minefields and obstacles on the inter-Korean border. In November Volodymr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president, urged his commanders to accelerate the construction of defences in the east. Poland, too, is building up fortifications and shelters along its border with Russia and Belarus, an ally of the Kremlin.The appeal of fortifications is easy to see. European officials worry that Russia’s breakneck rearmament is outpacing Europe’s own effort to ramp up arms production. Baltic leaders have emphasised that even small Russian advances could be existentially threatening to their states.NATO armies have been taking notes. In January the defence ministers of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania announced that they would build a string of “anti-mobility defensive installations” along their border with Russia and Belarus, collectively known as the Baltic Defence Line. DO you think that the Russian defence in the baltic is so much ahead of NATO states ?

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