Across the region government debt levels have reached their highest levels since 2001, while economic growth in the world’s youngest continent barely outstripped population growth. Measured in current dollars sub-saharan Africa’s share of world gdp fell to just 1.9%, compared with its share of 18% of the world’s people. For large parts of Africa 2023 was a rough year. Violence cut a swathe across the Sahel, where coups and civilian misrule have shaken faith in democracy. Is it by design that Africa to be neoclolonized throughs debts ?

