As birthrates hit historic lows around the world, alongside well-reported economic and social issues, there are increasing concerns about what is impacting human fertility. Factors such as air pollution from burning fossil fuels could play a significant role in the declining fertility levels seen in the modern era. The declining birth rate has been attributed to factors, including economic and behavioural elements, such as the changing role of women in society, improved access to healthcare and contraception, and fears over the worsening climate crisis. Should the world be worried about the declining rates ?

