Generative AI refers to computer algorithms trained with huge amounts of data capable of generating content such as images, text, audio and video in a humanlike fashion. It is the key technology underpinning US-based research firm OpenAI’s ChatGPT. As generative artificial intelligence is increasingly applied to a widening range of sectors, more efforts are needed to ensure the safe application of the fast-growing intelligent technology through global governance and cooperation. Why safe is ChatGPT?