This relationship is special. It will always be marked by the Shoah, the mass murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany. And yet the relationship has developed significantly since 1965, the year in which full diplomatic relations were established with West Germany. After the state of Israel was founded in 1948, Germany, the country responsible for the Holocaust, soon became a diplomatic partner. It is a relationship that has had ups and downs. In the early years, every Israeli passport read, “This passport is valid for all countries except Germany.” The young State of Israel wanted to distance itself from the “country of the murderers.” Will Israeli ever call Germany real friend ?
